As pet owners, we want our furry companions to live long, healthy, and happy lives. However, as our dogs age, they become more susceptible to health issues that can affect their quality of life.
Part of the essential care of our senior babies is prevention.
It can be heartbreaking to watch our senior dogs struggle with pain and discomfort, and it is even more difficult to recognize early signs of severe health problems.
In this article, we will explore 14 common health issues that senior dogs may face, from cancer to arthritis to dementia.
We will discuss the symptoms to look out for, how to recognize them, and what treatment options are available to help alleviate your dog’s pain and improve its overall well-being.
Whether you have a small breed or a large breed, these health issues can affect any senior dog, and it’s important to be aware of them in order to provide the best possible care for your furry friend.
So, let’s dive in and learn more about how to recognize and treat these 14 senior dog health issues.
Senior Dog Health Issues
1. Cancer in senior dogs
Cancer is a common health concern in senior dogs, and unfortunately, it is one of the leading causes of death in older dogs.
According to the Veterinary Cancer Society, approximately 50% of dogs over the age of 10 will develop cancer at some point in their lifetime.
Many different types of cancer can affect senior dogs, including:
- Lymphoma: cancer of the lymphatic system is one of the most common types of cancer in dogs, accounting for up to 20% of all canine cancers
- Mast cell tumors: tumors that develop from cells in the skin or other tissues are relatively common, accounting for up to 20% of all skin tumors in dogs.
- Osteosarcoma: bone cancer that usually affects the legs
- Hemangiosarcoma: a cancer of the blood vessels
- Mammary gland tumors: tumors of the mammary glands (breasts) in female dogs
- Squamous cell carcinoma: a type of skin cancer
- Melanoma: a type of skin cancer that can also affect the mouth and eyes
- Soft tissue sarcoma: cancer that develops in the connective tissues of the body
- Brain tumors: tumors that develop in the brain
- Bladder cancer: cancer that develops in the urinary bladder
- Lung cancer: cancer that develops in the lungs
These types of cancer can affect different parts of the body and have varying levels of severity.
Symptoms of Cancer in Senior Dogs
Symptoms can vary depending on the type and location of cancer, but some common signs to watch for include:
- Lumps or bumps under the skin
- Weight loss
- Loss of appetite
- Difficulty breathing
- Changes in urination or defecation
- Diarrhea or vomiting
- Lameness or limping
- Discharge from eyes, nose, or mouth
If you notice any of these symptoms in your senior dog, it is important to schedule an appointment with your veterinarian for an examination.
Early diagnosis is crucial for the successful treatment of cancer in senior dogs. Your veterinarian may perform blood tests, X-rays, ultrasounds, or other diagnostic tests to determine the type and severity of cancer.
Treatment options for cancer in senior dogs may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these.
Your veterinarian will work with you to develop a treatment plan that is tailored to your dog’s individual needs and medical history.
In some cases, palliative care may be recommended to manage pain and improve your dog’s quality of life. This may include medications or alternative therapies such as acupuncture or massage.
The success rate of curing cancer in senior dogs can vary greatly depending on the type and stage of cancer, as well as the dog’s overall health and response to treatment. Some types of cancer, such as lymphoma, can be highly responsive to chemotherapy and have a good prognosis with treatment. Other types of cancer, such as osteosarcoma, may require more aggressive treatment and have a lower success rate.
2. Hearth health issues in senior dogs
Heart disease is also a common health issue in senior dogs, particularly small breeds.
For example, Cavalier King Charles Spaniels are prone to mitral valve disease, while Doberman Pinschers are prone to dilated cardiomyopathy.
According to the American Veterinary Medical Association, approximately 10% of dogs over the age of 12 have some form of heart disease.
Heart disease in senior dogs can take several forms including:
- Valvular disease is the most common form of heart disease in dogs and occurs when the valves of the heart do not function properly.
- Dilated cardiomyopathy occurs when the heart muscle becomes weakened and enlarged, making it difficult for the heart to pump blood effectively
- Congestive heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs and other organs.
Symptoms of heart disease in senior dogs
The most common symptoms include:
- difficulty breathing,
- lethargy,
- loss of appetite,
- fatigue,
- weakness.
If you suspect your dog has heart disease, take them to the veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. This can include annual bloodwork, EKGs, and chest x-rays. By managing heart disease in senior dogs, we can help improve their quality of life and extend their lifespan.
Treatment for heart disease in senior dogs can vary depending on the type and severity of the disease but may include medications to manage symptoms, dietary changes, and regular monitoring by a veterinarian. In some cases, surgery or other procedures may be necessary to manage the disease.
Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage the disease and improve your dog’s quality of life.
3. Kidney (renal) health issues in senior dogs
Kidney disease, also known as renal disease, is a common health issue that can affect senior dogs.
Kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste and excess fluids from the blood, regulating electrolytes, and maintaining proper hydration levels in the body. When the kidneys fail to function properly, waste products can build up in the bloodstream and cause a range of health problems.
Statistics show that kidney disease is one of the leading causes of death in senior dogs, with up to 30% of dogs over the age of 10 affected by some form of renal disease.
Certain breeds, such as the miniature schnauzer, shih tzu, and cocker spaniel, may be more prone to developing kidney disease.
Early diagnosis and treatment can help slow the progression of the disease and improve the dog’s quality of life.
Symptoms of kidney disease in senior dogs
Symptoms may include:
- increased thirst and urination,
- weight loss,
- lethargy,
- loss of appetite,
- vomiting, and diarrhea
Blood and urine tests can help diagnose the condition, and treatment options may include medication, changes to the dog’s diet, and even dialysis in severe cases.
Treatment options for kidney (renal) disease in senior dogs may vary depending on the severity and underlying cause of the disease.
Here are some common treatment options:
- Diet management: feeding a renal-friendly diet that is low in protein, phosphorus, and sodium can help manage the disease and slow its progression.
- Medications: angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, phosphate binders, and erythropoietin-stimulating agents may be prescribed to control blood pressure, reduce phosphorus levels, and increase red blood cell production.
- Fluid therapy: Intravenous (IV) fluids may be given to rehydrate the dog and correct electrolyte imbalances.
- Management of underlying conditions: if the kidney disease is a result of an underlying condition, such as an infection or autoimmune disorder, that condition will also need to be treated.
- Kidney transplant: in severe cases, a kidney transplant may be an option, although it is not widely available and can be expensive.
It is important to note that while treatment options are available, kidney disease in senior dogs is generally not curable and may require lifelong management. Regular veterinary check-ups and monitoring of bloodwork and urine tests are necessary to manage the disease effectively.
4. Urinary tract (UTD) disease in senior dogs
Urinary tract disease (UTD) can cause discomfort and pain to your pet, (example: peeing blood) and if left untreated, can lead to serious complications. Urinary tract disease is more prevalent in female dogs than males, and it becomes more common as dogs age.
Statistics show that UTD is one of the most common reasons for veterinary visits in senior dogs.
Studies have shown that up to 14% of dogs over the age of 7 will develop a urinary tract infection, and up to 1 in 3 dogs over the age of 10 will develop some form of urinary incontinence.
Symptoms of Urinary tract disease (UTD) in senior dogs
The most common symptoms of UTD in senior dogs include:
- difficulty urinating,
- frequent urination,
- blood in the urine,
- accidents in the house
- lethargy, loss of appetite,
- vomiting.
If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to bring your dog to the veterinarian for an evaluation.
The diagnosis of UTD typically involves a physical examination, urinalysis, and possibly additional imaging or blood tests.
Treatment options depend on the specific type and severity of the UTD, but may include antibiotics, pain medication, and a special diet. In severe cases, hospitalization and IV fluids may be required.
5. Liver disease in senior dogs
Liver disease is a common health issue in older dogs, particularly in breeds such as the Doberman Pinscher and the Cocker Spaniel.
According to the American Veterinary Medical Association, liver disease is more common in dogs over the age of 10.
Prevention of liver disease in senior dogs can involve regular check-ups and bloodwork to monitor liver function, as well as avoiding exposure to toxins and ensuring that your dog’s diet is nutritionally balanced.
If you suspect that your senior dog may be experiencing symptoms of liver disease, it’s important to schedule an appointment with your veterinarian as soon as possible. Early diagnosis and treatment can help improve your dog’s prognosis and quality of life.
Overall, liver disease can be a serious and potentially life-threatening condition in senior dogs. By working closely with your veterinarian and monitoring your dog’s health, you can help ensure that they receive the best possible care and treatment.
There are many different types of liver disease in dogs, including:
- infectious hepatitis,
- chronic active hepatitis,
- liver tumors.
Symptoms of liver disease in senior dogs
Symptoms include:
- loss of appetite,
- weight loss,
- jaundice – yellowing of the gums, eyes, or skin,
- increased thirst and urination
- In some cases, dogs with liver disease may develop behavioral changes, such as confusion or disorientation.
Liver disease can be diagnosed through bloodwork and other diagnostic tests, such as abdominal ultrasound or liver biopsy.
Treatment for liver disease in senior dogs can vary depending on the type and severity of the disease.
In some cases, medications may be prescribed to manage symptoms or to treat underlying infections or inflammation. In severe cases, hospitalization and supportive care may be necessary.
6. Diabetes health issues in senior dogs
Diabetes is a chronic condition that occurs when the body is unable to produce or properly use insulin, a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels.
It can occur in dogs of any age, but it is more commonly diagnosed in senior dogs. According to the American Veterinary Medical Association, diabetes is more common in dogs over the age of 6.
Prevention of diabetes in senior dogs can involve maintaining a healthy weight, providing a balanced and nutritious diet, and scheduling regular check-ups with your veterinarian.
If you suspect that your senior dog may be experiencing symptoms of diabetes, it’s important to schedule an appointment with your veterinarian as soon as possible. Early diagnosis and treatment can help improve your dog’s prognosis and quality of life.
Overall, diabetes can be a serious and potentially life-threatening condition in senior dogs. By working closely with your veterinarian and monitoring your dog’s health, you can help ensure that they receive the best possible care and treatment.
Symptoms of Diabetes in Senior Dogs
Symptoms include:
- increased thirst,
- increased urination,
- weight loss,
- lethargy,
- loss of appetite,
- urinary tract infections or other secondary infections.
Diabetes can be diagnosed through bloodwork and other diagnostic tests, such as urine analysis.
Treatment for diabetes in senior dogs typically involves insulin therapy, which may be administered through injections or an insulin pump. Dogs with diabetes may also require dietary changes and regular monitoring of blood sugar levels.
The prognosis for senior dogs with diabetes can vary depending on the severity of the condition and the presence of other health issues. With proper management and treatment, however, many dogs with diabetes can lead happy and healthy lives.
7. Obesity health issues in senior dogs
Obesity in senior dogs is a growing concern and can lead to a variety of health problems. As dogs age, they tend to become less active, which can lead to weight gain if their caloric intake isn’t adjusted accordingly.
Senior dogs may not be as active as they once were, and their metabolism may have slowed down. Obesity can also exacerbate pre-existing health conditions, such as arthritis or heart disease, making it even more important to address in senior dogs.
According to the Association for Pet Obesity Prevention, in 2018, an estimated 56% of dogs in the United States were classified as overweight or obese and new statistics show an increase to %59%.
This is a concerning statistic, especially since obesity is a preventable health issue and can be managed through proper diet and exercise.
If you suspect your senior dog may be overweight, it’s important to talk to your veterinarian. They can help you determine your dog’s ideal weight and provide recommendations for diet and exercise. Some senior dogs may benefit from specialized weight management foods or supplements.
In addition to diet and exercise, there are other steps you can take to help prevent obesity in your senior dog. This includes avoiding table scraps, limiting treats, and feeding your dog on a regular schedule. You can also try incorporating more low-impact exercise into your dog’s routine, such as short walks or swimming.
By keeping your senior dog at a healthy weight, you can help reduce their risk of developing serious health problems later in life. If you’re concerned about your dog’s weight or overall health, don’t hesitate to schedule an appointment with your veterinarian. Early diagnosis and treatment can help improve your dog’s prognosis and quality of life.
Obesity in senior dogs can increase the risk of developing diabetes, heart disease, joint pain, decreased mobility, and even some forms of cancer.
8. Arthritis health issues in senior dogs
Arthritis is a common problem in older dogs, especially in large breeds. It is a degenerative disease that causes inflammation and pain in the joints, making it difficult for dogs to move around and perform basic activities like walking or climbing stairs.
According to the American Veterinary Medical Association, up to 20% of all dogs in the United States may suffer from arthritis, and this number increases as dogs age.
If you suspect that your senior dog may be suffering from arthritis, it’s important to talk to your veterinarian. They can perform a physical exam and recommend a treatment plan tailored to your dog’s specific needs. By managing your senior dog’s arthritis, you can help improve their quality of life and keep them comfortable and active as they age.
Symptoms of Arthritis in Senior Dogs
Symptoms of arthritis include:
- stiffness,
- limping,
- difficulty standing up or lying down,
- reluctance to climb stairs or jump,
- decreased activity levels.
- In some cases, dogs may also become more irritable or show signs of depression due to the constant pain they are experiencing.
While there is no cure for arthritis, there are several treatment options available that can help manage the symptoms and improve your dog’s quality of life.
This may include medication to reduce inflammation and pain, as well as physical therapy or low-impact exercise to help maintain muscle mass and mobility.
In addition to medication and exercise, there are also some lifestyle changes you can make to help manage your senior dog’s arthritis.
This includes providing soft bedding to help support their joints, adjusting their diet to maintain a healthy weight, and using ramps or steps to help them navigate stairs or furniture.
9. Dementia – Canine Cognitive Dysfunction (CCD) in senior dogs
Canine Cognitive Dysfunction (CCD), also known as dog dementia, is a neurodegenerative disease that affects senior dogs. It is estimated that up to 68% of dogs over the age of 15 may suffer from some form of CCD.
If you suspect that your senior dog may be suffering from CCD, it’s important to talk to your veterinarian. They can perform a physical exam and recommend a treatment plan tailored to your dog’s specific needs. By managing your senior dog’s CCD, you can help improve their quality of life and keep them comfortable and happy as they age.
Symptoms of Dementia – CCD in senior dogs
Symptoms can vary but may include:
- disorientation,
- confusion,
- difficulty with basic commands or learning new behaviors,
- changes in sleeping patterns,
- increased irritability or aggression.
- In some cases, dogs may also experience loss of bladder or bowel control, reduced appetite, or changes in their sense of smell or hearing.
There is no cure for CCD but there are several treatment options available that can help manage the symptoms and slow the progression of the disease.
This may include medication to improve cognitive function, as well as changes in diet or supplements to support brain health.
In addition to medication and dietary changes, there are also several lifestyle modifications you can make to help manage your senior dog’s CCD. This includes providing plenty of mental stimulation, creating a consistent routine, and using positive reinforcement techniques to encourage good behavior.
10. Incontinence in senior dogs
Incontinence is one of the common senior dog health issues. It is estimated that up to 20% of dogs over the age of 10 may suffer from some form of incontinence.
Incontinence can manifest in different ways, from urinary to fecal incontinence, and can have various underlying causes.
Some common causes of incontinence in senior dogs include:
- weakened pelvic muscles,
- hormonal imbalances,
- urinary tract infections,
- bladder stones,
- neurological disorders.
If you suspect that your senior dog is suffering from incontinence, your veterinarian can perform a physical exam and run diagnostic tests to determine the underlying cause of the incontinence.
Symptoms of incontinence in senior dogs
Symptoms can vary, but may include:
- frequent urination,
- dribbling of urine or feces,
- accidents in the house,
- skin irritation or infections.
- In some cases, dogs may also experience discomfort or pain while urinating or defecating.
Treatment may include medication, surgery, or lifestyle modifications such as changing the frequency and timing of potty breaks or using incontinence products such as diapers or belly bands.
Incontinence is not a normal part of aging in dogs, and it should always be taken seriously. With proper treatment and management, most cases of incontinence can be effectively managed, allowing your senior dog to maintain their quality of life and enjoy their golden years.
11. Vision loss in senior dogs
Vision loss is, unfortunately, high on the senior dog health issues list.
As dogs age, they can develop various eye conditions that can cause vision impairment or blindness. According to the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists, about 50% of dogs over the age of 8 years have some form of vision loss.
It’s important to note that early detection and treatment of eye conditions can help slow down or prevent further vision loss. Regular eye exams with a veterinarian or veterinary ophthalmologist are recommended for senior dogs.
In addition to eye conditions, other health issues such as high blood pressure and diabetes can also contribute to vision loss in senior dogs. Therefore, it’s important to maintain your senior dog’s overall health and manage any underlying health conditions to help prevent or minimize the impact of vision loss.
Some common eye conditions that can cause vision loss in senior dogs include:
- cataracts,
- glaucoma,
- progressive retinal atrophy,
- age-related degeneration.
Symptoms of vision loss in senior dogs
Symptoms can include:
- cloudiness or opacity in the eye,
- dilated pupils,
- sensitivity to light,
- bumping into objects or walls.
If you notice any changes in your senior dog’s vision or behavior, such as bumping into objects or reluctance to go outside, talk to your veterinarian. They can perform a thorough eye exam and run diagnostic tests to determine the underlying cause of the vision loss and recommend appropriate treatment options.
12. Hearing loss in senior dogs
As dogs age, they can develop various ear conditions that can cause hearing impairment or deafness. According to the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists, about 20% of dogs over the age of 12 years have some form of hearing loss.
If you notice any changes in your senior dog’s hearing or behavior, such as reluctance to respond to sounds or vocalizations, your veterinarian can perform a thorough ear exam and run diagnostic tests to determine the underlying cause of the hearing loss and recommend appropriate treatment options.
Some common ear conditions that can cause hearing loss in senior dogs include:
- infections,
- tumors,
- age-related degeneration.
Symptoms of hearing loss in senior dogs
Common symptoms include:
- head shaking,
- ear scratching,
- discharge from the ears,
- reluctance to respond to sounds.
Early detection and treatment of ear conditions can help slow down or prevent further hearing loss.
Regular ear exams with a veterinarian are recommended for senior dogs.
In addition to ear conditions, other health issues such as high blood pressure and diabetes can also contribute to hearing loss in senior dogs. Therefore, it’s important to maintain your senior dog’s overall health and manage any underlying health conditions to help prevent or minimize the impact of hearing loss.
13. Dental issues in senior dogs
Senior dog’s teeth can become weakened and more prone to breakage, and their gums can become inflamed and recede, leading to tooth loss.
Dental problems can lead to other health issues such as infections, heart disease, and kidney disease.
To maintain good dental hygiene in senior dogs, include regular teeth cleanings and check-ups with a veterinarian, as well as daily tooth brushing and providing dental treats or toys.
If left untreated, dental issues can worsen and cause pain, discomfort, and difficulty eating.
Dental issues in senior dogs can also include a variety of problems such as:
- periodontal disease,
- tooth decay,
- gum disease.
According to the American Veterinary Dental Society, by the age of three, most dogs already have some degree of dental disease.
Symptoms of dental issues in senior dogs
If you notice any signs of dental issues in your senior dog, such as:
- bad breath,
- swollen or bleeding gums,
- difficulty eating,
your veterinarian can perform a thorough dental exam and recommend appropriate treatment options, which may include teeth cleaning, extractions, or other procedures to improve your dog’s dental health.
14. Skin and coat health issues in senior dogs
Skin and coat issues in senior dogs can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
- age-related changes in the skin and coat,
- underlying health issues,
- environmental factors.
According to a survey conducted by the American Pet Products Association in 2020, skin and coat issues were among the top five health issues reported by pet owners of senior dogs. The survey found that approximately 14% of senior dogs experience skin and coat issues, making it a significant health concern for this age group.
To address skin and coat issues in senior dogs, first identify the underlying cause. This may involve a thorough physical examination, skin scrapings, blood tests, or other diagnostic tests to determine if there is an underlying health issue such as hypothyroidism, Cushing’s disease, or allergies.
Symptoms of skin and coat issues in senior dogs
Some common skin and coat issues in senior dogs include:
- dry skin,
- excessive shedding,
- hair loss,
- hot spots,
- skin infections.
Treatment for skin and coat issues in senior dogs will depend on the underlying cause. For example, if the issue is caused by an underlying health condition, treatment may involve medication or other medical interventions. If the issue is caused by environmental factors such as dry air or harsh grooming products, it may involve changes to the dog’s diet or grooming routine.
Preventive care is also crucial for maintaining healthy skin and coat in senior dogs. This may include regular bathing and grooming, a healthy diet rich in essential fatty acids and other nutrients, and using products specifically designed for senior dogs’ sensitive skin.
Signs of senior dog health issues you shouldn’t ignore
If you notice any of these symptoms and behaviors take your dog to the vet as soon as possible:
- lumps
- incontinence
- hearing loss
- bumps
- disorientation
- difficulty breathing
- confusion
- irritability
- increased thirst
- weight gain
- diarrhea
- behavioral changes
- anxiety
- aggression
- bad breath
- signs of cognitive dysfunction
- loss of appetite
- avoiding food
Our beloved four-legged companions can live a long, healthy, and happy life.
Like us, prevention and timely treatment can completely change the course of senior dog health issues.
Don’t forget to take your senior dog to the vet every six months, especially if there are no concerning signs – it is always good to receive good news. 🙂
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